In structural fire protection, terms such as "fire-retardant" and "fire-resistant" play a central role – but they are often confused in everyday use. However, they have clearly defined meanings in standards such as DIN 4102-2 or the European EN 13501-2 and play a decisive role in determining the requirements that building components must meet in the event of a fire.
Whether planning a new building, renovating existing buildings or creating a fire protection concept: it is essential for planners, architects and property operators to know which fire resistance classes are required where – and when "fire-retardant" is sufficient or "fire-resistant" is mandatory.
In this article, we explain the key differences between fire-retardant and fire-resistant materials and provide practical examples.
Components or materials that can withstand fire for a certain period of time without losing their load-bearing or space-enclosing function are considered fire-retardant. As a rule, fire-retardant components meet fire resistance class F30, which means that they can withstand fire for at least 30 minutes.
Fire-retardant elements are frequently used in:
- Partitions and doors in corridors and stairwells,
- Installation shafts,
- certain ceiling and wall constructions.
In contrast, there is the fire-resistant design. These components typically achieve fire resistance class F90, meaning they can withstand a fire for at least 90 minutes.
Fire-resistant components are required where there is a particularly high need for protection – for example in:
- Escape and rescue routes,
- Walls between fire compartments,
- Load-bearing structures in high-rise buildings or industrial facilities.
| fire resistance class | designation | minimum resistance |
|---|---|---|
| F30 | Fire retardant | 30 minutes |
| F60 | Highly fire-retardant | 60 minutes |
| F90 | Fire resistant | 90 minutes |
| F120 | Highly fire resistant | 120 minutes |
This classification is in accordance with DIN 4102-2 and European standard EN 13501-2 and forms the basis for many building regulations.
The choice between fire-retardant (F30) and fire-resistant (F90) components depends heavily on the type of building, its use and legal requirements. Here are some typical application scenarios:
Schools and daycare centres:
Partitions between group rooms or classrooms often need to be fire-resistant in order to prevent the spread of fire and ensure safe escape routes. Walls facing corridors or stairwells are also usually subject to the F90 requirement, in accordance with the specifications of the respective state building regulations.
Production and storage halls:
In non-load-bearing areas without particular fire loads, fire-retardant partition walls (F30) are often sufficient. The decisive factors here are the unit of use, the presence of people and the classification as a necessary corridor or fire compartment.
Hotels, care facilities and hospitals:
Due to the presence of sleeping or mobility-impaired persons, particularly strict fire protection requirements apply. Components along escape routes, to neighbouring rooms or between fire compartments must generally be fire-resistant (F90) or higher. Doors and closures must also be classified accordingly (e.g. T90) and be self-closing.
The distinction between fire-retardant and fire-resistant is more than just a technical term – it is central to the safe planning and implementation of structural fire protection measures.
When selecting suitable components, put your trust in certified quality and expert advice, as offered by CWS Fire Safety. If you need assistance with the planning, installation or maintenance of fire protection components, we will be happy to advise you – competently, throughout the United Kingdom, and with tailor-made solutions.